The Impact Of Global Media On Identity

The Impact Of Global Media On IdentityNowadays, major changes atomic number 18 taking taper in the entropy and communications media as a result of in the altogether technological induces be delivered to us. Morley and Robins (1995) seem implicitly take this view when they write about our senses of space and place are being significantly reconfigured (Morley and Robins, 1995 1). They are exemplifying the new communications geography constituted by globular networks and information flow which result in proliferated crisis of the national sphere.The changes described are effects of an ongoing process c all tolded sphericalization which we are all aware of as nowadays it is wholeness of the main buzzwords. nonwithstanding awareness extends to the fact that we are living in times of growing ethnic globalism where global media has a significant impact on our lives. Therefore the point of this paper is to discuss the relationship amongst global media and its impact on nationa l identity and grow.For both(prenominal)what, through Western domination in that location is a homogenisation and sameness forming across the cosmos. Global culture is being shaped by international entertainment conglomerates and for that reason becomes regulate. A discussion in the first burst of the paper as a result will be formed around this topic. In contrast, the second share of the analysis will focus on the works of former(a) writers who believe that we are living in the age of hybridised cultures, which borrow elements from each other but irremediably remain distinct.For the purposes of this paper we must ensnare what is meant by terms identity and culture. Identity will refer to portrayal ones hold for them and with which they identify, while culture should refer to a variety of practices which generate meanings (Barker, 1999 9). being of the Global MediaThe time after the 1980s led to major changes in terms of new communication technologies, digitalization of info rmation and increase in deregulations and privatization in different sectors, including media. Privatization mostly affected United States what brought a direct impact upon the degree of exclusivity of the markets, allowing other players to improve their own standards and overall stamp economically (Morley Robins, 1995).The loose market allowed other organizations to gain more dominance in the global arena. alone of the changes resulted in other countries privatizing their telecoms (Thussu, 2006).The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) conducted a push toward asylum of protected markets of World Trade Organization (WTO) which is holding up the structure of the free flow of information. WTO withal led the way for perspicacity of Western markets to Asia and Latin America (Thussu, 2006). The crucial benefit of this was that key players were not more able to wholly dominate the markets to a significant degree as was the case prior to such legal regimes.The progress in tec hnology and telecommunications made possible the transfer of extremely large data to any part of the world within seconds what unquestionably had a huge impact on economy and trade. Additionally, the growth of digitalization and new technologies like computers, mobiles or artificial satellites allowed fast and insolent communication around the world. It had an impact on growing international businesses which could be now operate by electronic marketplace (Herman McChesney, 1997).Privatization and ongoing competition in satellites caused the domination of few nations within the market. USA and Britain being main controllers even of Intelsat which is an intergovernmental association providing international broadcast system created in enact to run a global satellite system offering satellite capacity on a non discriminatory basis (Morley Robins, 1995). Once again, this proved that the countries with advanced technology know the ability to set and implement the policy agenda.As th e global carriers enlarged in number, the United States run operators had to privatize their own satellite systems in order to make the market for satellite services more commercial. These changes made the Transnational Companies (TNC) the highest beneficiaries what resulted in drastic changes in the shape of the new world economy. As expect the biggest world media conglomerates started planning on how to get the highest profit which as a consequence, inspired debate about the deterioration of media plurality and democracy (Thussu, 2006).As a result of these changes a global media sector was formed which made individuals all over the world aware and able to gain knowledge about other countries. Media became a key and for numerous the only one medium to discover the world.Global Media and Homogenization of CultureThe discourse of cultural homogenization presents globalization as synchronization to the demands of a standardized consumer culture, making everywhere seem more or less the same (Tomlinson, 1999 6). This view sees the impact of global media in the cultural sphere in a very pessimistic manner. Frequently, many believe it to be a powerful tool with an aim to destroy cultural identities (Tomilson, 2003). The centre of truth stems from the era before global media when there was a strong in form local connection between geographical place and cultural experience which were defining cultural identity. That was a time where individuals identity was just something which they simply had as an existential possession or heritage. Globalization therefore has brush like a flood tide through the worlds diverse cultures, destroying stable localities, displacing peoples homogenization of cultural experience (Tomilson, 2003 269). This anecdote indicates therefore that globalization is some form of destruction for cultural identity and a threat to particular forms of national identity.Homogenization of cultures therefore in a stronger manner means, the appearance of one wholeness culture embracing all people and replacing the variety of other cultural systems that have been present. In a broad sense, this pessimistic idea of the understructure of one global culture is called cultural imperialism (Tomlinson, 1999). This theory withal was one of the earliest based on cultural globalization which discussed the flow of American values, for example, consumer goods and lifestyles all around the world. Cultural imperialism hence focuses on American domination over Europe of the West over the rest for creation of global culture. There are two visions created out of this view about the global culture. The first is the focus around the Westernization of the world. And the second will be idea of global culture being dominated by capitalism (Tomlinson, 1999). Both of those will be now discussed.Westernization is seen as a drive toward standardization of lifestyle around the world. It is a global spread of a social and cultural totality (Tomlinson, 1 999 90). Europe produced a single world market integrating even the most savage communities into the one machine (Latouche, 1996 19). One-way cultural currents flood from the countries of the Centre over the entire planet (Latouche, 1996 20). From the ways how people dress and what they eat to the music that they listened to, culture flows from centers of creation into the Third World through the mass media (newspapers, radio television, films, books, video). All of it is produced and spread worldwide by monopolized, powerful transnational media groups as a result of changes in global media (previously discussed) after 1980s. This flood of cultural products therefore only indicates desires and needs of it recipients. Latouche is calling this process a propaganda as it strangles all cultural use among the passive recipients of this messages who read it as the way how they are supposed to live (Latouche, 1996 21). For Latouche Westernization is thus anti-cultural and driven by desire to create a world of invariant culture. To succeed in their goal the destruction of all other ways of life (that is non-western) is requirement. However, there is a paradox situation in here. West by trying so hard to homogenize the world shall result in loss of its own socio-cultural advantage.Those who believe cultures to be directed towards the process of homogenization also consider it to follow capitalism and therefore the global economy which it defines. These views led phrases like McDonaldization, Coca-colonization or Disneyzation to be born. In particular mentioned concepts refer to the worldwide homogenization of societies throughout the impact of multinational corporations, where all of them are originally exported from America (Pieterse, 2004). In this matter, globalization is connected with market economy, where particular brand images are standardized and distributed all around the world. Many aspects of what one may describe as cultural, from food to global currenc y can be considered. These are the perfect examples of global capitalist monoculture and cultural synchronization.McDonald has come to occupy a central position in American not only in the business industry, but also in popular culture. It is one of the most powerful and influential developments in our society as it succeeded worldwide. The reason of its high achievements is connected with the fact that it offers consumers, workers, and managers efficiency, calculability, predictability, and control which is necessary in the business industry. As such a powerful institution, it has an impact on a wide range of undertakings and of course the way of life of many individuals in and around the world and its impact is still accelerating. another(prenominal) irrational effect of McDonaldization is increased homogenization (Ritzer, 2000 135) as any McDonald restaurant you go to, no matter where it is around the world you know what to expect. You know what kind of products will be offered t o you and you can be certain that they will be prepared for you in the same way everywhere (Ritzer, 2000). On the other hand, there are many nations which invaded the McDonalds business model to develop native versions. Therefore by some it is seen more as a global localization or hybridisation rather than homogenization. This will be discussed in the latter part of this paper.Globalization as hybridisation and deterritorializationPrior to understanding the concept of hybridisation it is wise to make clear that it does not refer to total deprivation of own national identity. vice versa it emulates a potential of benefiting from other cultures and incorporating new knowledge with the old one side by side.We cannot discuss the aspect of hybridisation without analysing the deterritorialization of cultural heritage. By deterritorialization is meant not only the travel and transformation of culture but also everbroadening horizon of mundane experience (Tomilson, 1999, cited in Xue, 200 8 113). Therefore, this flow of deterritorialized cultures allows transforming other cultures more accurately producing new ones by hybridity (Xue, 2008). The deterritorializing character of the globalization process is its property of diminishing the significance of socialgeographical location to the mundane flow of cultural experience (Tomlinson, 2003 273). What has to be understood from these definitions is that there was a transformation made in our usual model of cultural existence which now brings globalized influences into our locally situated in our countries lifeworld. For example, many different satellite transplants broadcasts different genres which are likely to influence general perception of individuals taste. Fashion TV for instance demonstrates the mainstream transfer of whats hot, and whats not, signaling invent trends from major fashion runway shows across the world and therefore influencing individuals style (Tomlinson, 2003).Pieterse (2004) sees hybridisation a s the solvent between the polar perspectives (Pieterse, 2004 57) as this concept gains the meaning from relationship between homogenization and polarization. Within society there is a group of people called cosmopolitans, who are open-minded to embrace some changes, are able to settle in other cultures or are willing to completely loose their personal identity (homogenization). On the other hand, there are fundamentalists who believe that the world should bide with traditions and cultures remaining unchanged. These beliefs can be called polarization. As a result people who believe in hybridization neither deny changes completely, nor absorb fully in new cultures they were introduced to. They essentially form a stance on the mid-point (Pieterse, 2004).Hybridisation brings transformations to cultures. It is the cut n mix of cultural forms in the process of globalization. It refers to the growth of culture which it occurs when a cultural product incorporates and combines different cul tural practices (Pieterse, 2004). There is a lot of evidence strengthening the thesis which now will be analysed.As mentioned earlier, McDonalds, in terms of homogenisation of society, can also act as a good example of hybridization. Fusion cuisine means the creation of indigenous versions on terms of the choice of foods in order to adapt to local conditions. In Norway there is a sandwich called McLaks with grilled salmon, while in lacquer you may order chicken Tatsuta with fried chicken, cabbage spiced with soy sauce and ginger. Italy provides pasta with their burgers, while in Germany you may order a beer with your meal (Ritzer, 2000). All of these are unique cultural adaptations which hence acknowledge that foods choices must be shipshape to meet a variety of needs expected in particula findd cultures around the world.By the same token restaurants also adapt the way it operates to local social environment. As stands, in Hong Kong food chains are tailored around the need for te enagers to hang and socialize. Conversely in Taiwan it is a rare public space not dominated by men as it did not develop from traditional Chinese cultural structures where men have more rights than women (Ritzer, 2000). This blending of local features into global products has been called glocalisation as the global and local is reinforcing (Lull, 2000 252).Another conglomerate which is dominating in the world is Viacom, the owners of MTV. The channel distributes in over 82 countries and actively promotes think globally, act locally. In the different countries it is broadcasted, tailored versions of the channel are offered to meet the tastes of customers. For instance, through the aspect of localization MTV Asia came to existence as a result of joint venture between Rupert Murdochs Star television and Viacom in 1992. The language used by network is Hinglish which is a hybrid language of Hindu and English (Herman McChesney, 1997).Globalization as a process of hybridization gives ri se to a global mlange (Pieterse, 1993 1) where the cultures are mixing and borrowing some elements from each other.ConclusionFor the past 20 years we were facing dramatic changes in our world being result of globalisation processes. Improvements in technology and telecommunications made free flow of information possible. The world market became dominated by USA and some of the Western countries. Privatization had an impact on more competition and the formation of strong TNCs. Western countries became powerful through investments in infrastructures. Developments in communication services paved the way for global media therefore open the door of the world for many people what resulted in either hybridization or homogenization of national identities and cultures. about may see it as negative changes, others will disagree. There are also those who as Tomlinson believe that globalization produces a globalized culture rather than a global culture (Xue, 2008). However no matter what poin t of view one will chose there is no doubt that global media are impact many nations and their identities and cultures.Words 2,510

Weakness In Corporate Governance And Lack Of Transparency Accounting Essay

Weakness In Corporate Governance And Lack Of Transparency Accounting EssayWeakness in corporal presidency and lack of transparency are considered causes of the Asian financial crisis. (Wan et al 2010 ). The integrated scandals happened in the early 2000s urged regulators around the world to suit the medicine to illness of the orbicular financial stability by institute CG reforms. For instance, the Combined Code and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act were then introduced and enacted in UK and US respectively. As an international financial and business hub, Hong Kong is butt to take its share of the sweeping impact of the Asian financial crisis and the scandals. Hong Kong Stock Exchange determined to introduce the enrol of CG effective from 2005, with similar provisions on financial disclosures in the world. closely of the studies utilise US and UK data indicated that the select of collective governance practices has improved when staunchs comply with the provisions of the jurisprudenc e. A survey conducted by a research team headed by Professor Stephen Cheung in Hong Kong generated a consistent result with those studies it indicated that the CG standard of Hong Kong listed firms had been improved obviously in 2005.2.1.3. Earning Management enchantment regulators aware the issues about CG after the scandals, the confidence of investors around the world who rely on the reported earnings on the financial statement to make their enthronization decisions have been significantly shaken. Earnings is always the most crucial indicator to evaluate how a firm performs. EM refers to manipulation of a firms earnings finished direct or indirect accounting methods to achieve a desired level and that does not reflect the economic reality to mislead FS users about the corporate performance or gaining self-interest. In short, the practices of EM deter the credibility of financial reporting. in that location is tons of observational researches evidence that good CG improve the transparency of the fiber financial reporting which provides more decision-useful information to investors regardless of the geographical location of the listed company. Some of GCG mechanisms include the existence of independent board of directors, audit committee, no chief executive officer duality, no Top Share ( overbearing shareholder), and shareholders coalition in order to face controlling shareholder. ( Werner R. Murhadi 2009).2.1.4. The unique features of Hong Kong Firms.A global code of CG should not be utilize as a standard among the world attributed to the unique settings of each jurisdiction. It is important for regulators and analysts to understand the unique features and regional conditions affect the incentive of managing earnings and the reporting quality. Therefore, Most of the researches have do to investigate the likenessship amid the CG practices and EM with US data, only a few o f them analyses about the issues in otherwise regions. An assumption that a same result will be concluded when analyzing HK data is doubtful. The widely acknowledged family ownership concentration characteristic of HK listed firms is still considered as the major contributor of the failure of CG even after the introduction of the code. See the vote manipulation done by PCCW and the affair of Citic Pacific in 2009.2.2 literature reviewThe research paper which examine whether the disclosure of Corporate Governance Structures affect the market valuation of earnings surprises and firms earnings management, Jui-Chin Chang and Huey-Lian Sun (2010), suggested that the effectiveness of corporate governance in observe earnings management is improved after the mandated disclosure. This finding is consistent with the result of the research on CG and earnings forecasts accuracy which back up that it is effective to enhance the quality of financial disclosure by revising the Malaysian Code on Corporate Governance to encourage public companies to execute good govern ance practices. (Ahmad-Zaluki et al 2010).However, Davies and Schlitzer (2008) in their paper raised the question about the practicality of an international one size fits all corporate governance code of best practice and the result of the paper implied that the acceptance of a global corporate governance code is limited due to the adaptations in the business environment. Ching, M.L.K. et al. (2002) in their research contended that CG mechanisms and monitoring and oversight activities will affect the use of EM, and the importance of these factors varies across firms and national jurisdictions. Because CG, the legal environment, and monitoring activities are far distinguishable in Hong Kong than in the U.S., research studies using American data have limited relevance for HK.A large proportion of HK listed firms are controlled by families. When most of the results of empirical researches supported the positive association between the CG mechanism and firms earnings quality, the uniq ue features of Hong Kong is not being considered in those researches. A rare research done by Jaggi, B., et al. (2009) used samples to begin with the adoption of code of corporate governance and find that a higher(prenominal) proportion of independent corporate boards of HK firms is associated with more effective monitoring to constrain EM by deterring managers from manipulating the reported earnings thus the earnings quality is expected to be high despite differences in institutional environments. However, it is not the case of which the firms are family-controlled, either through ownership concentration or the presence of family members on corporate boards.2.3 ObjectiveWhile countless studies have already done with data of regions other than HK about the association between CG and EM, some of them have also emphasized on the identity of family ownership concentration in Asian regions. This study is done for the purpose of evaluating the effectiveness of the Code of Corporate Gove rnance Practices effective from 2005 on reducing EM practices and improving earnings quality of HK Firms. Focus on the uniqueness of the Hong Kong Firms ownership structure to investigate whether mandatory disclosure of corporate governance structures improves the quality of financial information of Hong Kong family-controlled firms.2.4 Statement of opening2.4.1 Indentifying Corporate governanceThe research generated by Dey, (2008) examined that different countries have different corporate governance structure. She considered twelve variables of corporate governance to measure different corporate governance structure, such as the effectiveness of the audit committee and duality of chief operating officers and so on. To determine corporate governance, we would use five variables including a majority-independent audit committee, a majority-independent board, financial lord having sufficient accounting experience on the committee, big 4 auditors and the separation CEO and chair posit ion.2.4.2 Audit committee and earning quality tally to Hong Kong Exchange and clearing limited (HKEX), after the adoption of code of corporate governance effective that is in 2005, it is a must for Hong Kong listed companies to establish an audit committee, comprising non-executive director (NED) and having at least three members. Based on the research of Bedard, and Courteau (2001), the higher the percentage of independent non-executive director that are not managers in other firms, the higher the earning quality is. Thus, the hypothesis we develop should beH1 There is positive relationship between the existence of a majority-independent audit committee and earning quality after the code2.4.3. Independent board of director and earning managementAccording to Liu and Lu (2007), they give that when preparing financial statement, the board of director can help to monitor and prevent controlling shareholder as this act may make damage to the other shareholder. Besides, the Hong Kong b oards of director were by code at least three NED members as well.H2 There is positive relationship between the proportion of Independent non-executive directors on the board and earning quality after the code.2.4.4. CEO duality and earning managementAccording to R. Murhadi, Werner. Dr (2009), he found that if there is any job duality, it was less effective and strongly influence higher level of discretionary accrual. Anderson et al. (2003) found that earnings informativeness is positively associated with firms having separated CEO and chair positionsH3 The existence of CEO duality positively influences the level of earnings management after the code.2.4.4 Big 4 auditors and earning managementThe previous research done by Klein (2003) found that Big 4 auditors may shift some of their responsibility of monitoring financial reporting to firms audit committees after SOX. Therefore, there may be difference between discretionary accruals and Big 4 auditor in the before period of SOX.H4 There is a negative relation between earning management and proportion of Big 4 auditors after the code.2.4.5 Experts in audit committee and earning managementThe Code in Hong Kong required that among the three members, it should include at least an independent NED with sufficient and appropriate financial experience. Xie, Davison, and DaDalt (2003) use pre-SOX samples to investigate that audit committee members having financial experience/background negatively influence discretionary accruals.H5 There is a negative relation between discretionary accruals and the existent of financial experts on audit committees after the code.2.4.6. family control and earning managementDue to the different expectations regarding the effect of family control on earnings management, Jaggi-Leung use pre-code sample to show that an increase in the proportion of outside directors to strengthen board monitoring is flimsy to be effective in family-controlled firms. The percentage of NED on the board to a thorough number of directors is counted 20% as cut-off point.H6 There is a negative relation between the existent of family ownership control and earnings quality after the code.3.Methodology3.1 Sample collectionIt is to search the WiseNews Database and HKEX website to collect the data for all Hong Kong Listed Firms in all industry for years before and after adoption of code which is accounting period of 2004-2005 and 2005-2006 respectively.3.2 Research DesignBy using the financial data examined from the above database, it is decided to research all firms excluding banks, insurance and trusts companies as they manage earning obtaining different incentives and opportunities. (Peasnell et al, 2000) For testing earnings management, Dechow et al., 1995 suggested to use modified jones model to measure discretionary accruals. However, base on Kothari, Leone and Wasley (2005), in addition to the modified model, they use return on assets as one of variable so as to estimate accruals mor e accurately. It is cross-section(a) regression by using two-digit SIC code, then find out the estimated coefficient by the following formula(Total discretionary accrual) TACCjt = 0+ 1(1/ ATit-1)+ 2 (DSale/ATit-1)+ 3 (PPE/ ATit-1)+ 4 ROAit-1- (1)Then, NON-ACCjt = 1(1/ATjt-1) + 2 (DSalesjt DRECjt)/ATjt-1 +3 (PPE/ATjt-1) +4 ROAjt (2)Then, calculating the discretionary accrual by using the following formula,DACCjt = TACCjt NON-ACCjt (3)Using the regression model to calculating the data before and after the code of corporate governance,DACCit = p 0 + 1 Auditindep + 2 BdIndep + 3 AccExp + 4 CEODua + 5 Big 4 + FAMOWN (4)WhereROA = the ratio of net income to total assetsFAMOWN = 1 if proportion of family members divided by total number director is greater than 20%, 0 for other than this case.BdIndep The number of independent board directors mensural by the no. of board membersAuditIndep The number of independent audit committee members calculated by the no. of audit committee members AccExp 1 for having financial professional experience and 0 for none and divided by the no. of audit committee membersBig 4 It is an indicator of the Big 4 auditors. It is one if the firm was Big 4 accounting firms client and it is zero if not.CEODua it may be 1 when CEO is the firms director of the board, 0 when it is not the case.4. magazine scheduleTimeActionJanuary check the background of the problem and objectivesResearch data for methodology1st 11th FebruaryFinish MethodologyCollect data by using software i.e. Excel12th 28th FebruarySolve the problems that will encounter during the process of collecting data, such as, uncertainty about any data probe data and make result of the analysisMarchWrite discussionsInterpret the data what we findFinish recommendations, conclusions, summary of the project1 4th AprilFinish the draft to supervisor5 28th AprilFinish the reference listsReview and proofread the grammar, organization, format of projectAmend some parts based on comments o f supervisors

Repressed Personality and Sexual Subtleties in Robert Louis Stevenson D

Repressed Personality and Sexual Subtleties in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde The Tragedies of repressionIn the reference book puritanical Britain An Encyclopedia Stevenson is mention for saying that fiction should render the truths that make life significant (760). We see this most closely in his Jekyll/Hyde experiment when Jekyll explains why he invented his infamous potion. Jekyll says I concealed my pleasures and when I reached years of reflection...I stood already committed to a profound duplicity of life (Stevenson, 42). Because of this feeling of being one thing in the publics eye, sound respected and controlled, and another on his own, Hyde invents an outlet. This outlet becomes, at least symbolically, a representation of male hysteria, a psychological disorder stereotypically associated with women. Jekyll says my two natures had memory in common (48). Thus, Hyde is free to express his base and immoral self without conscience while Jekyll is voyeuristically allowed to watch without regret since the actions are not his own, but a different entities altogether. Jekyll is described crying like a woman behind closed doors because Hyde has become the dominant personality (Showalter, 114).Stevensons narrative reflects some of the effects of culture and their influence on the repression of certain forms of sexuality, specifically homosexuality, which we will explore a little later. Jekyll begins waking as Hyde, suggesting that when his social controls are weakest, Hyde is free to come out. The tale dramatizes social norms, the search to deviate from them, and rid oneself of responsibility for ones actions that go against these norms. As Jekyll gets used to becoming Hyde, the socialized and repressed Je... ...nd abnormal for their feelings. This is quite different than face up explicitly ones repressed feelings or sexualilty, which the public often reacts violently against. Works Cited Showalter, Elaine.Dr. Jekylls Closet. Sexual Anarchy New York Pen guin Books,1990. 105-126.Stevenson, Robert Louis. The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. New York Dover Publishing, Inc., 1991.Waters, Chris. Robert Louis Stevenson. Victorian Britain An Encyclopedia. Sally Mitchell and Michael J. Herr. New York Garland Publishing, Inc, 1988. 760-761.Swade. Lesbian Tribal Chant History page. http//www.swade.net/swadepages/les_hist.htm Accessed 4/20/99. Ennis, Jane. VICTORIA Digest - 27 Mar 1998 to 28 Mar 1998 . Accessed 4/20/99. http//www.mailbase.ac.uk/lists/englit-victorian/1998-04/0003.html

Information Technology Essay -- essays research papers

Information technology is a rapidly growing part of todays society. It affects everyones life in more aspects. Every human strive is influenced by information technology and the increasing rate at which what it can perform includes. One area of human endeavor that information technology has neatly influenced is the work of medicine, specifically veterinary medicine. Not only has veterinary medicine been influenced by information technology, it has also been enhanced by it. The degree to which the practice of veterinary medicine includes information technology is observable at the Animal Emergency Clinic of Central brisk York on Erie Blvd. in Syrac expenditure, New York.Section I veterinary medicine.Doctors of veterinary medicine are the people who engage in the human endeavor of practicing veterinary medicine. The activities that are included in this endeavor are the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of animal diseases. The best way to handle a disease is to prevent acquiring it altogether. To accomplish this animals are stipulation the available vaccinations for the most likely diseases they would get according to what type of animal they are and where they live. Unfortunately not every disease has a vaccination and not every animal has the opportunity to receive the available vaccinations. When an animal gets sick it is the duty of the veterinarian to determine the ca purpose of the sickness and the best possible get over of treatment for it. Veterinarians have many other responsibilities as well. These range from, but are not limited to, treating wounded animals and spaying or neutering them to preventing the broadcast of diseases from animals to humans through agriculture.The first school of veterinary medicine was in France. It opened in 1761. Veterinary medicine schools started to open in the United States of the States during the civil war. (www.encyclopedia.com)To become a doctor of veterinary medicine, DVM, one must(prenominal) complete vet erinary school. To get accepted into a school of veterinary medicine, a student has to meet the requirements of that particular vet school. Most of the requirements can be satisfied through undergraduate course work. The hard part is to have through a better job at meeting these requirements than the competition has. As an undergraduate, the student must demonstrate not only academic excellence and committedness to service and helping others, ... ... WWII. (www.encyclopedia.com) The use of certain information technologies in the field of human medicine are sure to have an influence in the practice of veterinary medicine. Antibiotics are another example of veterinary technology influencing human medicine. It is expected that advances in human medicine will affect veterinary medicine. The use of information technology to enable surgeons to perform surgery off site is sure to carry over to veterinary medicine. This will have a great affect on the way doctors perform in this field.To prepare oneself for success in veterinary medicine all of the required graduate and undergraduate courses must be completed. However, the best preparation for success is exposure to the field. In order to be completely ready for the practice of veterinary medicine knowing how to use the relevant information technologies is a necessity. The best way to accomplish this is through additional courses or observation. According to Tamela, a licensed veterinary technician who works at the AEC of CNY, watching another vet. at work, and seeing how he/she uses the technology to his/her advantage is an invaluable way to prepare for success in this field."

Technology and the Human Genome Project :: Essays Papers

Technology and the Human Genome ProjectTechnology is changing the way the world works in lumbering ways at an unprecedented rate. As we speak, scientists in labs around the world are decoding the remaining portion of the genome map. One day (even now), with the information compiled in GenBank, scientists can discover new drugs, new methods of gene therapy, and other preventive measures which lead vastly improve the quality of life (NCBI 1). David Smith, previously a coach of the Department of Energy, said, These are exciting and challenging times for biological researchers. The wealth of information and capabilities now being generated by the various genome projects and other biological endeavors will lead over the next two decades to more insights into living systems than have been amassed in the past two millennia. Biology is truly undergoing a revolution (Walters 545). there are only two major enigmas facing researchers in their efforts to put the massive amounts (terrabytes) of data generated from the Human Genome Project (HGM) to use. The first and most prohibitive task is cost. Over a billion dollars have already been sank into the project, which was spent on both developing new technologies to make the gene sequencing process more economical and cost effective, and of course the actual gene mapping (Pennisi 82). Although the expense is extreme, the HGM is popular enough that funding is still available. Countries who were not previously involved are gaining liaison in the project. Japan, for example, has a proposed budget of $570 million to invest in genomic research, which is, considerably more than the U.S. National Human Genome Research Institute expects to spend (Normile et al. 84). The second problem facing scientists is the current lack of computer hardware and software that are powerful enough to effectively use the data that is being gathered. One theatre of genome research that requires more advanced technology is proteomics, which is th e study of protein interactions (for an in-depth explanation of proteomics, visit www.npr.org and listen). New developments in bioinformatics would enhance the ability of researchers to manipulate, collect, and analyze data more pronto and in new ways (Pennisi 85). Considering the fact that the number of proteins is predicted to be in the millions, new computers and technologies that can process such large amounts of data efficiently must be developed. New and unplanned uses of the technologies developed from genome research are being found.

The European Revolutions of 1848 Essay -- European History

The revolutions of 1848 were widespread and affected about 50 countries in Europe, considering the previously separate lands of Germany and Italy. These revolutions were extremely violent and costly. In terms of lives, tens of thousands were lost during battles with several thousand more being lost in executions. Over 100,000 individuals were jailed or exiled as well. While these individual countries had prodigious nationalistic grievances, such as anti-Austrian attitudes in Italy, anti-Russian and anti-Turkish opinions in Rumania, anti-Habsburg in Prague and Budapest, German patriotism divided German as did Polish patriotism in Poland it was the policy-making and economic struggle that were the prevailing catalysts for the revolutionary uprisings.There was widespread economic crisis in the European continent in the mid 19th century. Agricultural failures from 1845-1847 which resulted in increased food prices impeded the peoples ability to buy food. The people in Berlin were so angered oer the cost of food that they rioted for quadruple days. A third of the German population was on government relief by 1847, resulting in the number of Germans leaving for the United States in search of plowland to increase dramatically. In Prussian Silesia and Austrian Galicia over a quarter of a million people died as a result of starvation.Anger over the ancient regime of government and its political tyranny was viewed as the single most important cause of the numerous revolutions. Heightened political sureness due to the aim and extensive use of the printing press was instrumental in fostering political awareness of new ideas such as liberalism, nationalism and socialism. Additionally, many of the countries were aware of the succ... ... positive results of the uprisings were the spread of parliamentary governments, the allowance of manhood suffrage in France and briefly, in Austria, the elimination of lord owned and tenant farmed land in interchange Europe, the beginnings of the German and Italian unification movements, and the establishment of Hungary as an equal partner with Austria under Hapsburg rule.Works CitedWestern Civilization A Brief History, Complete Paperback By Marvin Perry, Publisher Wadsworth-Cengage Publishing 7th edition 2010 pp 333-347Sparknotes http//www.sparknotes.com/Linked from SparknotesThe Revolutions of 1848 (1848) http//www.sparknotes.com/history/european/1871/section1.htmlFordham University http//www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/modsbook.aspLinked from Fordham UniversityEncyclopedia of 1848 Revolutions http//www.ohio.edu/chastain/index.htm

Venice, Italy Essay -- Geography Geographical Papers

Venice, ItalyThe city of Venice was built on the water therefore the canals of Venice have invariably been an important part of the look of Venetians. Venice is a city of 120 sm every(prenominal) islands with over 400 bridges linking them. The more than 150 canals serve as streets of the city, devising it unlike any some other city (Kertzer). It is connected to the mainland, which is two and a half miles away by both rail and highway bridge (encyclopedia.com). Venice?s history as good as its state in the present revolves around the water and the canals that serve the city. A Brief HistoryThe first settlers to Venice were refuges fleeing the Visigoth and Hun invaders afterward the fall of Rome (Steves). At this time the islands were uninhibited, muddy, and very small. (Steves) They expanded the tiny islands by creating platforms by shoving pylons into the sea floor and topping them with stone (Simonis). The little streams that the inhabitants unbroken from silting became the ca nals that exist today. The first settlers harvested tip and salt, but soon trading began up the river. When Ravenna, the leading trade city, fell the Venetians became the connection between the East and the West. Venice regulated trading between Constantinople (now Istabul), other Italian cities, and northern Africa (Kertzer). These goods included silk, ceramics, and carpets exported from Asia to Europe and iron and wood exported from Europe to Asia (silkroadproject.com). In the sixth century the Lombards attacked and with them came noble families. During this time judicature began among the islands with shops, clergy, noble, and a ruler called the Doge. Eventually, all of the island communities decided to merge by building bridges. They also had to shorten the canals and ... ...s, 2001 Kerper, Barrie. Venice The Art, Mass Tourism and High Water. Venice. New York Three Rivers Press, 2002. Rpt. in Venice. Kertzer, David I. Venice. World Book cyclopedia. 1993 ed. Vol. 20. 306-308 . The Silk highroad Connecting Cultures, Creating Trust. 36th annual Smithsonain Folklife Festival. Silk Road Project Inc.. 27 Nov. 2003. <http//silkroadproject.org/smithsonian/venice.html. Simonis, Damien. Venice. Victoria, Australia Lonely Planet Publications, 2002. Steves, Rick. Venice 2004. Emeryville, CA Avalon Travel Publishing, 2003. Venice. 2003. capital of South Carolina Electronic Encyclopedia . 27 Nov. 2003 <http//www.thehistorychannel.com/perl/print_book.pl?ID=118895. Venice- History. Columbia Encyclopedia. 6th ed. 2003. 27 Nov. 2003<http//www.encyclopedia.com/html/section/venice_history.asp. Venice, Italy Essay -- Geography Geographical PapersVenice, ItalyThe city of Venice was built on the water therefore the canals of Venice have always been an important part of the life of Venetians. Venice is a city of 120 small islands with over 400 bridges linking them. The more than 150 canals serve as streets of the city, making it unlike any other city (Kertzer). It is connected to the mainland, which is two and a half miles away by both rail and highway bridge (encyclopedia.com). Venice?s history as well as its state in the present revolves around the water and the canals that serve the city. A Brief HistoryThe first settlers to Venice were refuges fleeing the Visigoth and Hun invaders after the fall of Rome (Steves). At this time the islands were uninhibited, muddy, and very small. (Steves) They expanded the tiny islands by creating platforms by shoving pylons into the sea floor and topping them with stone (Simonis). The little streams that the inhabitants kept from silting became the canals that exist today. The first settlers harvested fish and salt, but soon trading began up the river. When Ravenna, the leading trade city, fell the Venetians became the connection between the East and the West. Venice regulated trading between Constantinople (now Istabul), other Italian cities, and northern Africa (Kertzer). These goods inclu ded silk, ceramics, and carpets exported from Asia to Europe and iron and wood exported from Europe to Asia (silkroadproject.com). In the sixth century the Lombards attacked and with them came noble families. During this time organization began among the islands with shops, clergy, noble, and a ruler called the Doge. Eventually, all of the island communities decided to merge by building bridges. They also had to shorten the canals and ... ...s, 2001 Kerper, Barrie. Venice The Art, Mass Tourism and High Water. Venice. New York Three Rivers Press, 2002. Rpt. in Venice. Kertzer, David I. Venice. World Book Encyclopedia. 1993 ed. Vol. 20. 306-308. The Silk Road Connecting Cultures, Creating Trust. 36th annual Smithsonain Folklife Festival. Silk Road Project Inc.. 27 Nov. 2003. <http//silkroadproject.org/smithsonian/venice.html. Simonis, Damien. Venice. Victoria, Australia Lonely Planet Publications, 2002. Steves, Rick. Venice 2004. Emeryville, CA Avalon Travel Publishing, 2003. Ven ice. 2003. Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia . 27 Nov. 2003 <http//www.thehistorychannel.com/perl/print_book.pl?ID=118895. Venice- History. Columbia Encyclopedia. 6th ed. 2003. 27 Nov. 2003<http//www.encyclopedia.com/html/section/venice_history.asp.